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Version 1.3 – Updated November 2024

Virtual Reality

Overview

  • Influence: Virtual Reality
  • Domain: Technology, School, and Out-of-School Strategies
  • Sub-Domain: Virtual/augmented reality
  • Potential to Accelerate Student Achievement: Potential to accelerate
  • Influence Definition: Provides simulations and augment reality to help students experience activities.

Evidence

  • Number of meta-analyses: 12
  • Number of studies: 465
  • Number of students: 12,291
  • Number of effects: 591
  • Weighted mean effect size: 0.55
  • Robustness index: 4

Meta-Analyses

Meta-Analyses
Journal Title Author First Author's Country Article Name Year Published Variable Number of Studies Number of Students Number of Effects Effect Size
Computers and Education Merchant, Goetz, Cifuentes, Keeney-Kennicutt, & Davis USA Effectiveness of Virtual Reality-Based Instruction on Students' Learning Outcomes in K-12 and Higher Education: A Meta-Analysis 2014 Virtual reality based gaming 69 8,432 69 0.47
Open Education Research Li, Wang, & Ren China Effects of virtual reality on students' academic achievements: Meta-analysis of 40 experiments and quasi-experiments. 2019 Augmented reality 40 0 40 0.56
Chinese Data base Zhou & Li China Can virtual reality technology improve learning achievement? 2016 Virtual Learning 46 0 46 0.63
Education and Science Avci, Coklar, & istanbullu Turkey The effect of three dimensional virtual-environments and augmented reality applications on the learning environment: A meta-analysis study 2019 3-D Virtual environments 20 0 20 0.39
Interactive Learning Environments Li, Wang, He, Cheng, & Wang China How augmented reality affected academic achievement in K-12 education–a meta-analysis and thematic-analysis.  2021 Augmented reality 35 3,859 40 0.44
Educational Research Review Villena-Taranilla, Tirado-Olivares, Cózar-Gutiérrez, & González-Calero Spain Effects of virtual reality on learning outcomes in K-6 education: A meta-analysis.  2022 Virtual reality 21 0 21 0.64
Interactive Learning Environments Yu China A meta-analysis of the effect of virtual reality technology use in education.  2021 Virtual reality 43 0 60 0.65
Open Education Research Baomi, Yubiao & Youqun Korea Research on the Impact of Virtual Reality Teaching on Students' Academic Performance: Based on a Meta-analysis of 40 Experiments and Quasi-Experiments. 2019 Virtual reality 40 0 40 0.56
Interactive Learning Environments Cao & Hsu China Systematic review and meta-analysis of the impact of virtual experiments on students' learning effectiveness.  2022 Virtual reality 62 0 62 0.48
Participatory Educational Research Akgün Turkey The Effects of Immersive Virtual Reality Environments on Students' Academic Achievement: A Meta-analytical and Meta-thematic Study 2021 Virtual reality based technology 31 0 31 0.53
Interactive Learning Environments Yu, Li, & Wang China The effectiveness of 3D holographic technology on students' learning performance: A meta-analysis. 2022 3D holographic 15 0 18 0.84
Computer Applications in Engineering Education Yu & Xu China A meta-analysis and systematic review of the effect of virtual reality technology on users' learning outcomes 2022 Virtual reality 43 0 144 0.61
TOTAL/AVERAGE 465 12,291 591 0.57
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