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Version 1.3 – Updated November 2024

Mother employment

Overview

  • Influence: Mother employment
  • Domain: Home
  • Sub-Domain: Family structure
  • Potential to Accelerate Student Achievement: Likely to have a small positive impact
  • Influence Definition: Whether no, one, or both parents are employed.

Evidence

  • Number of meta-analyses: 2
  • Number of studies: 88
  • Number of students: 307,061
  • Number of effects: 1,528
  • Weighted mean effect size: 0.05
  • Robustness index: 3

Meta-Analyses

Meta-Analyses
Journal Title Author First Author's Country Article Name Year Published Variable Number of Studies Number of Students Number of Effects Effect Size
Psychological Bulletin Goldberg, Prause, Lucas-Thompson, & Himsel USA Maternal employment and children's achievement in context: a meta-analysis of four decades of research 2008 Maternal employment on achievement 68 178,323 1,483 0.06
Psychological Bulletin Lucas-Thompson, Goldberg & Prause USA Maternal work early in the lives of children and its distal associations with achievement and behavior problems: a meta-analysis 2010 Employed vs. unemployed mothers 20 128,738 45 0.00
TOTAL/AVERAGE 88 307,061 1,528 0.03
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