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Version 1.2 – Updated June 2023

Feedback (Reinforcement and cues)

Overview

  • Influence: Feedback (Reinforcement and cues)
  • Domain: Teaching Strategies
  • Sub-Domain: Feedback
  • Potential to Accelerate Student Achievement: Potential to considerably accelerate
  • Influence Definition: Feedback in terms of reinforcement (positive and negative) and cues to advance to next steps in learning

Evidence

  • Number of meta-analyses: 3
  • Number of studies: 108
  • Number of students: 21,053
  • Number of effects: 211
  • Weighted mean effect size: 1.01
  • Robustness index: 3

Meta-Analyses

Meta-Analyses
Journal Title Author First Author's Country Article Name Year Published Variable Number of Studies Number of Students Number of Effects Effect Size
Journal of Research and Development in Education Tenenbaum & Goldring Israel A meta-analysis of the effect of enhanced instruction: Cues, participation, reinforcement and feedback and correctives on motor skill learning 1989 Cues, and reinforcement 15 522 15 0.72
American Educational Research Journal Lysakowski & Walberg USA Instructional effects of cues, participation, and corrective feedback: a quantitative synthesis 1982 Cues, participation and corrective feedback 54 15,689 94 0.97
Evaluation in Education Lysakowski & Walberg USA Classroom reinforcement 1980 Classroom reinforcement 39 4,842 102 1.17
TOTAL/AVERAGE 108 21,053 211 0.95
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